Filter Diaphragms Embankment failures and accidents occur more often in the vicinity of conduits in the embankments than at other locations. To prevent defects from occurring in the walls of the conduit, materials must be selected that have a design life suitable for the structure being designed. Corrugated metal pipes that do not have adequate…
Materials for Embankment Dams Embankment dams have served man at least 5,000 years. The remains of ancient structures and civilizations provide clues to the efforts of mankind in the engineering and construction of dams. Today, embankment dams exist in excess of 300 meters high with volumes of many millions of cubic meters of fill. Currently,…
Improving Energy Efficiency at Petrochemical Facilities Energy is the most important cost factor in the U.S petrochemical industry, defined in this course as the chemical industry sectors producing large volume basic and intermediate organic chemicals as well as large volume plastics. The sector spends billions of dollars on fuels and electricity every year. Energy efficiency…
Gravel Roads Maintenance and Design Gravel roads are generally the lowest service provided to the traveling public and are usually considered greatly inferior to paved roads. In many cases, gravel roads exist to provide a means of getting agricultural products in and out of farm fields, timber out of forests, or as access to remote…
Dam Safety Although dams and reservoirs are important components of the national infrastructure, existing dams are getting older, and new dams are being built in hazardous areas. At the same time, development continues in potential inundation zones downstream from dams. More people are at risk from dam failure than ever before despite better engineering and…
Impacts of Plants on Earthen Dams Damage to earthen dams and dam safety issues associated with tree and woody vegetation penetrations of earthen dams is significant dam safety issue in the United States. Tree and woody vegetation penetrations of earthen dams and their appurtenances have been demonstrated to be causes of serious structural deterioration and…