Treatment Technologies for Frac and Produced Water Author: Michael Kuznetz During the process of lifting oil or gas from underground formations, trapped water is brought to the surface along with oil or gas. This water, known as frac and produced water, is high in salinity and difficult to treat and manage once recovered. The standards…
Stormwater BMPs for Basins This course provides design guidelines for a group of stormwater management best management practices (BMPs) broadly referred to as basin or pond BMPs. Basin BMPs are the mainstay of stormwater management. Water resources engineers have designed small and large ponds for many years for a wide range of applications, including farm…
Developing Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans Stormwater runoff from construction sites can cause significant harm to our rivers, lakes, and coastal waters. A stormwater pollution prevention plan (SWPPP) is required by the construction general permit and will help prevent stormwater pollution. A SWPPP is more than just a sediment and erosion control plan. It describes all…
Filter Diaphragms Embankment failures and accidents occur more often in the vicinity of conduits in the embankments than at other locations. To prevent defects from occurring in the walls of the conduit, materials must be selected that have a design life suitable for the structure being designed. Corrugated metal pipes that do not have adequate…
Materials for Embankment Dams Embankment dams have served man at least 5,000 years. The remains of ancient structures and civilizations provide clues to the efforts of mankind in the engineering and construction of dams. Today, embankment dams exist in excess of 300 meters high with volumes of many millions of cubic meters of fill. Currently,…
Improving Energy Efficiency at Petrochemical Facilities Energy is the most important cost factor in the U.S petrochemical industry, defined in this course as the chemical industry sectors producing large volume basic and intermediate organic chemicals as well as large volume plastics. The sector spends billions of dollars on fuels and electricity every year. Energy efficiency…