Course Full With Right Sidebar

Limiting Arc Flash Exposure Author: Velimir Lackovic Arc flash incidents may happen despite precautions taken to avert them. Arc flash incidents can be minimized by use of adequate equipment, proper preventive care, planning and coordination of operation, as well as skill improvement and real experience. Also crucial is the... Learn More

Introduction to Protective Device Coordination Analysis Author: Velimir Lackovic The objective of a protection scheme in a power system is to minimize hazards to personnel and equipment while allowing the least disruption of power service. Coordination studies are required to select or verify the clearing characteristics of devices such... Learn More

Introduction to Motor Starting Analysis Author: Velimir Lackovic The starting current of most AC motors is several times normal full load current. Both synchronous and induction motors can draw five to ten times full load current when starting them across the line. Motor-starting torque varies directly as the square... Learn More

Harmonic Analysis Basics Author: Velimir Lackovic A harmonic-producing load can affect other loads if significant voltage distortion is caused. The voltage distortion caused by the harmonic-producing load is a function of both the system impedance and the amount of harmonic current injected. If the system impedance is low, the... Learn More

Grounding System Theory and Practice Author: Velimir Lackovic The flow of current from an underground-fault condition will result in voltage gradients within and around the substation, not only between structures and nearby earth, but also along the ground surface. In a properly designed system, this gradient should not exceed... Learn More

Gas Insulated Substation Definitions And Basics Author: Velimir Lackovic Determining whether to use AIS or GIS technology requires assessing many elements and soliciting input data from many sections within an investor’s organization. Some elements, such as aesthetics, may significantly affect a user’s selection. It is also critical to note... Learn More