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Practical Power Cable Ampacity Analysis Author: Velimir Lackovic Cable ampacity studies calculate the current-carrying capacity (ampacity) of power cables in underground or above ground installations. This ampacity is determined by the maximum allowable conductor temperature. In turn, this temperature is dependent on the losses in the cable, both I2R...Learn More

Power Quality Measurements – Essential Theory Author: Velimir Lackovic The decline in quality of power is a big issue due to an increase in the use of inverters in power electronics, an increase of unbalanced loads from large furnaces or rectifiers, and complex power distribution associated with power network...Learn More

Overcurrent Protection Fundamentals Author: Velimir Lackovic Protecting relays against high current was the earliest relay protection mechanism developed. From this basic method, the graded overcurrent relay protection system, a discriminative short circuit protection, has been formulated. This course is provides an overview of overcurrent protection fundamentals. It presents coordination...Learn More

Arc Flash Basics and Hazard Planning Program Author: Velimir Lackovic This course gives an overview of arc flash hazards and explains the different causes, nature, findings, directions and processes related with arc flash hazards. An electric arc or an arcing fault is a flashover of electric current through air...Learn More

Arc Flash Calculation Methods Author: Velimir Lackovic This course provides an overview of arc flash hazard computations as specified by IEEE and NFPA. Students are encouraged to consult the standards for additional details. It is suitable for engineers with a desire to understand procedures for completing arc flash studies....Learn More

Limiting Arc Flash Exposure Author: Velimir Lackovic Arc flash incidents may happen despite precautions taken to avert them. Arc flash incidents can be minimized by use of adequate equipment, proper preventive care, planning and coordination of operation, as well as skill improvement and real experience. Also crucial is the...Learn More