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Wind Power for Utility Applications In the past 20 years, U.S. wind power capacity has increased continuously. With the federal tax credit and the emerging green market, total installed wind power capacity in the United States exceeds 6,000 megawatts (MW). However, the industry still faces many market barriers, some of which stem from utilities’ lack... Learn More

Central Solar Hot Water System Design Solar thermal systems are commonly used for the domestic water heating, space heating, (industrial) process heating, and even for cooling of goods and buildings. In recent years, numerous innovations in solar thermal technologies have resulted in cost effective large scale systems including integrated solar supported heating networks. Examples of... Learn More

Design of Refrigeration Systems for Cold Storage The purpose of refrigerated systems for cold storage is to maintain or extend product life. Refrigeration systems for cold storage are applied to processing, manufacturing, and warehousing food, biomedical materials, ice manufacture, and other uses; but the largest application is for the refrigeration and freezing of foods. Refrigerated... Learn More

Stabilization of Desalinated Water Desalination of sea or brackish water is an important, rapidly growing source of drinking water around the world. The mineral composition of the water is significantly changed and then partially reconstituted to achieve stable finished water that can be distributed in pipes. The behavior of desalinated water in the distribution system... Learn More

Biochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol This course describes in detail a potential biochemical ethanol conversion process developed by NREL that converts corn stover to ethanol by dilute-acid pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, and co-fermentation. The process uses co-current dilute-acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass (corn stover), followed by enzymatic hydrolysis (saccharification) of the remaining cellulose, followed... Learn More